Advertisement
Research Article| Volume 22, ISSUE 2, P210-218, March 2008

The Effect of Tonal Changes on Voice Onset Time in Mandarin Esophageal Speech

  • Hanjun Liu
    Affiliations
    Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China
    Search for articles by this author
  • Manwa L. Ng
    Affiliations
    Division of Speech and Hearing Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, 5/F Prince Philip Dental Hospital, 34 Hospital Road, Hong Kong SAR, China
    Search for articles by this author
  • Mingxi Wan
    Correspondence
    Address correspondence and reprint requests to Mingxi Wan, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, P.R. China.
    Affiliations
    Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China
    Search for articles by this author
  • Supin Wang
    Affiliations
    Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China
    Search for articles by this author
  • Yi Zhang
    Affiliations
    Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, P.R. China
    Search for articles by this author
Published:October 20, 2006DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2006.08.013

      Summary

      The present study investigated the effect of tonal changes on voice onset time (VOT) between normal laryngeal (NL) and superior esophageal (SE) speakers of Mandarin Chinese. VOT values were measured from the syllables /pha/, /tha/, and /kha/ produced at four tone levels by eight NL and seven SE speakers who were native speakers of Mandarin. Results indicated that Mandarin tones were associated with significantly different VOT values for NL speakers, in which high-falling tone was associated with significantly shorter VOT values than mid-rising tone and falling-rising tone. Regarding speaker group, SE speakers showed significantly shorter VOT values than NL speakers across all tone levels. This may be related to their use of pharyngoesophageal (PE) segment as another sound source. SE speakers appear to take a shorter time to start PE segment vibration compared to NL speakers using the vocal folds for vibration.

      Key Words

      To read this article in full you will need to make a payment

      Purchase one-time access:

      Academic & Personal: 24 hour online accessCorporate R&D Professionals: 24 hour online access
      One-time access price info
      • For academic or personal research use, select 'Academic and Personal'
      • For corporate R&D use, select 'Corporate R&D Professionals'

      Subscribe:

      Subscribe to Journal of Voice
      Already a print subscriber? Claim online access
      Already an online subscriber? Sign in
      Institutional Access: Sign in to ScienceDirect

      References

      1. Abramson AS, Lisker L. Discrimination along the voicing continuum: cross-language tests. Proceedings of the Sixth International Congress of Phonetic Science; 1970:569–573.

        • Zlatin M.A.
        Voicing contrast: perceptual and productive voice onset time characteristics of adults.
        J Acoust Soc Am. 1974; 56: 981-994
        • Lisker L.
        • Abramson A.S.
        A cross-language study of voicing in initial stops: acoustical measurements.
        Word. 1964; 20: 384-422
        • Lisker L.
        • Abramson A.S.
        Some effects of context on voice onset time in English stops.
        Lang Speech. 1967; 10: 1-28
        • Löfqvist A.
        Acoustic and aerodynamic effects of interarticulator timing in voiceless consonants.
        Lang Speech. 1992; 35: 15-28
        • Kessinger R.H.
        • Blumstein S.E.
        Effects of speaking rate on voice-onset time and vowel production: some implications for perception studies.
        J Phonet. 1998; 26: 117-128
        • Miller J.L.
        • Green K.P.
        • Reeves A.
        Speaking rate and segments: a look at the relation between speech production and speech perception for the voicing contrast.
        Phonetica. 1986; 43: 106-115
        • Volaitis L.E.
        • Miller J.L.
        Phonetic prototypes: influence of place of articulation and speaking rate on the internal structure of voicing categories.
        J Acoust Soc Am. 1992; 92: 723-735
        • Allen J.S.
        • Miller J.L.
        • DeSteno D.
        Individual talker differences in voice-onset-time.
        J Acoust Soc Am. 2003; 113: 544-552
        • Hyman M.
        An experimental study of artificial larynx and esophageal speech.
        J Speech Hear Disord. 1955; 20: 291-299
        • Nichols A.
        Confusions in recognizing phonemes spoken by esophageal speakers: I. Initial consonants and clusters.
        J Commun Disord. 1976; 9: 27-41
        • Sacco P.
        • Mann M.
        • Schultz M.
        Perceptual confusions in selected phonemes in esophageal speech.
        J Indiana Speech Hear Assoc. 1968; 6: 196-203
        • Christensen J.M.
        • Weinberg B.
        • Alfonso P.J.
        Productive voice onset time characteristics of esophageal speech.
        J Speech Hear Res. 1978; 21: 56-62
        • Connor N.P.
        • Hamlet S.L.
        • Joyce J.C.
        Acoustic and physiologic correlates of the voicing distinction in esophageal speech.
        J Speech Hear Disord. 1985; 50: 378-384
        • Hirose H.
        Voicing distinction in esophageal speech.
        Acta Otolaryngol Suppl. 1996; 524: 56-63
        • Robbins J.
        • Christensen J.
        • Kempster G.
        Characteristics of speech production after tracheoesophageal puncture: voice onset time and vowel duration.
        J Speech Hear Res. 1986; 29: 499-504
        • Shames G.H.
        • Font J.M.
        • Matthews J.
        Factors related to speech proficiency of the laryngectomized.
        J Speech Hear Disord. 1963; 28: 273-278
        • Christensen J.M.
        • Dwyer P.E.
        Improving alaryngeal speech intelligibility.
        J Commun Disord. 1990; 23: 445-451
        • Gandour J.
        • Weinberg B.
        • Petty S.H.
        • Dardarananda R.
        Voice onset time in Thai alaryngeal speech.
        J Speech Hear Disord. 1987; 52: 288-294
        • Xu Y.
        Contextual tonal variation in Mandarin.
        J Phonet. 1997; 25: 61-83
        • Iwata R.
        • Hirose H.
        Fiberoptic acoustic studies of Mandarin stops and affricates.
        Annu Bull Res Inst Logop Phoniat. 1976; 10: 47-60
        • Liu H.M.
        • Taso F.M.
        • Kuhl P.K.
        Perceptual and acoustic analysis of speech intelligibility in Mandarin-speaking young adults with cerebral palsy.
        Clin Linguist Phonet. 1996; 14: 447-464
        • Francis A.L.
        • Ciocca V.
        • Yu J.M.C.
        Accuracy and variability of acoustic measures of voicing onset.
        J Acoust Soc Am. 2003; 113: 1025-1032
        • Cho T.
        • Ladefoged P.
        Variation and universals in VOT: evidence from 18 languages.
        J Phonet. 1999; 27: 207-229
        • Hardcastle W.J.
        Some observations on the tense-lax distinction in initial stops in Korean.
        J Phonet. 1973; 1: 263-271
        • Kuehn D.P.
        • Moll K.
        A cineradiographic study of VC and CV articulatory velocities.
        J Phonet. 1976; 4: 303-320
        • Stevens K.N.
        Acoustic Phonetics.
        MIT Press, Cambridge, MA1999
        • Chen Y.
        • Ng M.
        Examination of voicing onset time during Mandarin tone productions.
        J Acoust Soc Am. 2005; 117: 2459
        • Wang Y.
        • Jongman A.
        • Sereno J.A.
        Acoustic and perceptual evaluation of Mandarin tone productions before and after perceptual training.
        J Acoust Soc Am. 2002; 113: 1033-1043
        • Finkelhor B.K.
        • Titze I.R.
        • Durham P.I.
        The effect of viscosity changes in the vocal folds on range of oscillation.
        J Voice. 1987; 1: 320-325
        • Verdolini-Marston K.
        • Titze I.R.
        • Druker D.G.
        Changes in phonation threshold pressure with induced conditions of hydration.
        J Voice. 1990; 4: 142-151
        • Xu Y.
        • Sun X.J.
        Maximum speed of pitch change and how it may relate to speech.
        J Acoust Soc Am. 2002; 111: 1399-1413
        • Most T.
        • Tobin Y.
        • Mimran R.C.
        Acoustic and perceptual characteristics of esophageal and tracheoesophageal speech production.
        J Commun Disord. 2000; 33: 165-181
        • Zemlin W.R.
        Speech and Hearing Science: Anatomy and Physiology.
        4th ed. Allyn and Bacon, Boston, MA1998
        • Van den Berg J.W.
        Oesophageal speech.
        Folia Phoniatr Logop. 1958; 10: 65-84
        • Singer M.I.
        • Blom E.D.
        Selective myotomy for voice restoration after total laryngectomy.
        Arch Otolaryngol. 1981; 107: 670-673
        • Finkbeiner E.R.
        Surgery and speech, the pseudoglottis and respiration in total standard laryngectomy.
        in: Snidecor J.C. Speech Rehabilitation of the Laryngectomized. Charles C. Thomas, Springfield, MA1978: 58-85
        • Kallen L.A.
        Vicarious vocal mechanism: the anatomy, physiology and development of speech in laryngectomized persons.
        Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1934; 15: 460-503
        • Isshiki N.
        • Tanabe M.
        Acoustic and aerodynamic study of a superior electrolarynx speaker.
        Folia Phoniatr (Basel). 1972; 24: 65-76
        • Chao Y.R.
        Mandarin Primer.
        Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA1948