Summary
Objectives/Hypothesis
There is little known about how physical exercise may alter physiological parameters
of voice production. In this investigation, vocal function and upper airway temperature
were examined following a bout of submaximal exercise and compared with a resting
breathing condition. It was hypothesized that phonation threshold pressure (PTP) and
perceived phonatory effort (PPE) would increase and pharyngeal temperature would decrease
following an exercise bout.
Study Design
Using a within-participant repeated measures design, 18 consented participants (nine
men and nine women) completed the study.
Methods
A 20-minute equilibration task was immediately followed by 8 minutes of submaximal
exercise on a stationary bike in a thermally neutral environment (25°C/40% RH). At
the end of the equilibration trial and the exercise trial, measures were taken in
the following order: pharyngeal temperature, PTP, and PPE. Data were analyzed using
paired t tests with significance set at P<0.05.
Results
Significantly increased PTP and PPE and significantly decreased pharyngeal temperature
(1.9°C) were found, supporting the initial hypotheses.
Conclusions
Findings from this investigation support the widely held belief that voice use associated
with physical activity requires additional laryngeal effort and closure forces. The
effect of the temperature reduction in the upper airway on voice function requires
further study.
Key Words
To read this article in full you will need to make a payment
Purchase one-time access:
Academic & Personal: 24 hour online accessCorporate R&D Professionals: 24 hour online accessOne-time access price info
- For academic or personal research use, select 'Academic and Personal'
- For corporate R&D use, select 'Corporate R&D Professionals'
Subscribe:
Subscribe to Journal of VoiceAlready a print subscriber? Claim online access
Already an online subscriber? Sign in
Register: Create an account
Institutional Access: Sign in to ScienceDirect
References
- Voice problems among teachers: differences by gender and teaching characteristics.J Voice. 1998; 12: 328-334
- Vocal parameters of aerobic instructors with and without voice problems.J Voice. 2002; 16: 52-60
- Vocal fold surface hydration: a review.J Voice. 2009; 23: 658-665
- Airway surface liquid: concepts and measurements.in: Rogers D.F. Lethem M.I. Airway Mucus; Basic Mechanisms and Clinical Perspectives. Birkhauser Verlag, Basel, Switzerland1997: 1-17
- Some aspects of temperature, moisture and heat relationships in the upper respiratory tract.J Laryngol Otol. 1953; 67: 449-456
- Further observations on the conditioning of respiratory air.J Laryngol Otol. 1953; 67: 669-681
- Temperature and humidity of respiratory air.J Physiol. 1953; 122: 51P
- Thermal mapping of the airways in humans.J Appl Physiol. 1985; 58: 564-570
- Respiratory heat and water exchange: physiological and clinical implications.J Appl Physiol. 1983; 54: 331-336
- Influence of elevated muscle temperature on metabolism during intense, dynamic exercise.Am J Physiol. 1996; 40: R1251-R1255
- The exercise-induced stress response of skeletal muscle, with specific emphasis on humans.Sports Med. 2009; 39: 643-662
- Muscle temperature has a different effect on force fluctuations in young and older women.Clin Neurophysiol. 2007; 118: 762-769
- Skeletal muscle ATP turnover and muscle fiber conduction velocity are elevated at higher muscle temperatures during maximal power output development in humans.Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2006; 290: R376-R382
- Exercise Physiology: Theory and Application to Fitness and Performance.6th ed. McGraw-Hill, Boston, MA2007
- Essentials of Exercise Physiology.4th ed. Wolters Kluwer/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Health, Philadelphia, PA2011
- Phonatory effects of airway dehydration: preliminary evidence for impaired compensation to oral breathing in individuals with a history of vocal fatigue.J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2008; 51: 1494-1506
- Effect of hydration treatments on laryngeal nodules and polyps and related voice measures.J Voice. 1994; 8: 30-47
- Changes in phonation threshold pressure with induced conditions of hydration.J Voice. 1990; 4: 142-151
- Dependence of phonatory effort on hydration level.J Speech Hear Res. 1994; 37: 1001-1007
- Oral breathing increases Pth and vocal effort by superficial drying of vocal fold mucosa.J Voice. 2002; 16: 172-181
- Oral breathing challenge in participants with vocal attrition.J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2003; 46: 1416-1427
- Short-duration accelerated breathing challenges affect phonation.Laryngoscope. 2009; 119: 1658-1663
- An evaluation of the effects of three laryngeal lubricants on phonation threshold pressure (PTP).J Voice. 2003; 17: 331-342
- Clothing and exercise. II. Influence of clothing during exercise/work in environmental extremes.Sports Med. 1994; 18: 94-108
- Regional surface temperature responses during a high intensity heat acclimation protocol.Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2004; 36: 0573
- Applied Multivariate Statistics for the Social Sciences.4th ed. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Mahwah, NJ2002
- The circadian rhythm of body temperature.Front Biosci. 2010; 15: 564-594
- Sex hormones and the female voice.J Voice. 1999; 13: 424-446
- Effects of a vocally fatiguing task and systemic hydration on phonation threshold pressure.J Voice. 2000; 14: 341-362
- The effect of auditory feedback on phonation threshold pressure measurement.J Voice. 2004; 18: 46-55
- Do vocal warm-up exercises alleviate vocal fatigue?.J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2003; 46: 422
- Assessment of phonation threshold pressure: a critical review and clinical implications.Am J Speech Lang Pathol. 2011; 20: 348-366
- Influence of temperature on mechanics and energetics of muscle contraction.Am J Physiol. 1990; 259: R197-R203
- Exercise Physiology: Human Bioenergetics and Its Applications.4th ed. McGraw-Hill, Boston, MA2005
- Temperature, skeletal muscle mitochondrial functions, and oxygen debt.Am J Physiol. 1971; 220: 1053-1059
- Effect of temperature on muscle metabolism during submaximal exercise in humans.Exp Physiol. 1999; 84: 775-784
- Temperature effect on the force/velocity relationship of the fresh and fatigued human adductor pollicis muscle.Pflügers Arch. 2000; 440: 163-170
- Esophageal, rectal, and muscle temperature during exercise.J Appl Physiol. 1966; 21: 1757-1762
- Effects of temperature, relative humidity, and mode of breathing on canine airway secretions.J Appl Physiol. 1979; 46: 205-210
- Hyperventilation with dry air increases airway surface fluid osmolality in canine peripheral airways.Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1999; 159: 1101-1107
Article info
Publication history
Published online: July 11, 2013
Accepted:
April 3,
2013
Footnotes
The work presented in this manuscript was supported by Award Number 1F31DC010946-01A1 from the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD).
Identification
Copyright
© 2013 The Voice Foundation. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
