Summary
Cepstral measures are sensitive to gender, age and phonatory tasks. With a cepstral
measure designated as the CPP, it was possible to confirm the vulnerability of the
Fado singers’ voice. These were established at the vocal pathological threshold, which
suggests a need for a direct clinical approach for these voice users.
Objectives/Hypothesis
This study aimed to characterize cepstral peak prominence (CPP) and cepstral peak
prominence smoothed (CPPS) in the Fado singing voice and to determine if there were
significant differences in CPP and CPPS measures between spoken and sung tasks, as
well as due to singers’ gender and age.
Methods
Forty seven males and 57 females Fado singers, ranging from 18 to 70 years participated
in this study. Spoken voice tasks were sustained [a] and reading aloud the phonetically
balanced text “O Sol”. Sung tasks were sustained [a] of the word [ɐfinaɫ] and the Fado chorus song “Nem às paredes confesso”. Acoustic measures included CPP and CPPS. CPP was measured using Analyses of Dysphonia
in Speech and Voice software, of Multi-Speech program, Model 3700, by KayPENTAX. CPPS
was measured using Praat software (4.2.1/2003). Statistical analysis was performed
with an IBM SPSS Statistics version 22 program. CPP and CPPS mean differences of spoken
and sung tasks were analyzed using paired samples t-test, with α at .05.
Results
CPP and CPPS values of singers’ voice changed according to the gender, age and phonatory
tasks. There were significant differences between CPP and CPPS measures (P < 0.05). Generally, young male singers, in their sung task, presented the highest
CPP and CPPS values. The highest CPP mean was obtained by older males in sustained
spoken [a] and the lowest was obtained by younger males in their reading aloud task.
For CPPS, the highest mean value was obtained by younger males during sung [a] and
the lowest was by younger males in the reading aloud task.
Conclusion
Males presented higher cepstral measures than females. Young singers presented higher
cepstral measures than older. Sung tasks had higher cepstral measures than spoken
tasks. CPPS means are overall higher than CPP means. This study reinforces the need
for a clinical prevention approach directed at potential vocal disorders in Fado singers.
Key Words
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: October 09, 2020
Accepted:
September 16,
2020
Footnotes
Declarations of interest: none
Identification
Copyright
© 2020 The Voice Foundation. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
