Summary
Objectives
There is growing evidence that the cells in the maculae flavae are tissue stem cells
and the maculae flavae are a stem cell niche of the human vocal fold mucosa. This
study investigated the metabolic activity, especially glycolysis, of the tissue stem
cells in the maculae flavae of the human newborn vocal fold.
Methods
Three normal human newborn vocal folds obtained from autopsy cases were investigated
using immunohistochemistry.
Results
Among the three phenotypes of cells (cobblestone-like polygonal cells, vocal fold
stellate cell-like cells and fibroblast-like spindle cells) in the newborn maculae
flavae, a small number of cobblestone-like polygonal cells strongly expressed glucose
transporter-1. All three phenotypes of cells in the newborn maculae flavae expressed
glycolytic enzymes (hexokinase II, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and lactate
dehydrogenase A). The cells did not express phosphofructokinase-1 (rate-limiting enzyme
of regular glucose metabolism pathway) but sparsely express glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase
(rate-limiting enzyme) indicating the cells relied more on the pentose phosphate pathway.
The cells’ expression of lactate dehydrogenase A suggests the maculae flavae of the
newborn vocal fold is likely to be an anaerobic microenvironment where cells perform
anaerobic glycolysis.
Conclusions
The present study is consistent with the hypothesis that the tissue stem cells in
the maculae flavae of the newborn vocal fold seem to rely more on anaerobic glycolysis,
especially by the pentose phosphate pathway, for energy supply. Already at birth,
the metabolism of the tissue stem cells in the maculae flavae of the newborn vocal
fold is likely to prevent the formation of toxic reactive oxygen species and is likely
favorable to maintaining the stemness and undifferentiated states of the tissue stem
cells in the stem cell system.
Key Words
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: July 22, 2022
Accepted:
June 23,
2022
Publication stage
In Press Corrected ProofIdentification
Copyright
© 2022 The Voice Foundation. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
