Summary
Objectives
Tissue stem cells in the maculae flavae (a stem cell niche) of the human vocal fold
form colonies in vivo like stem cells in vitro. However, the roles of colony-forming aggregated cells in the maculae flavae in vivo have not yet been determined. This study investigated the glycolysis, of the colony-forming
aggregated cells in the maculae flavae of the human newborn vocal fold in vivo.
Methods
Three normal newborn vocal folds were investigated under light microscopy with immunohistochemistry
and transmission electron microscopy.
Results
Colony-forming aggregated cells in the newborn maculae flavae strongly expressed glucose
transporter-1 and glycolytic enzymes (hexokinase II, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
and lactate dehydrogenase A). The colony-forming aggregated cells did not express
phosphofructokinase-1 (rate-limiting enzyme of regular glucose metabolism pathway)
but expressed glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (rate-limiting enzyme) indicating
the cells relied more on the pentose phosphate pathway. The colony-forming aggregated
cells’ strong expression of lactate dehydrogenase A indicated that they rely more
on anaerobic glycolysis in an anaerobic microenvironment. Mitochondrial cristae of
the colony-forming aggregated cells in the newborn maculae flavae were sparse. Consequently,
the microstructural features of the mitochondria suggested that their metabolic activity
and oxidative phosphorylation were low.
Conclusions
The colony-forming aggregated cells in the maculae flavae of the newborn vocal fold
seemed to rely more on anaerobic glycolysis using the pentose phosphate pathway for
energy supply in vivo. Microstructural features of the mitochondria and the glycolytic enzyme expression
of the colony-forming aggregated cells suggested that the oxidative phosphorylation
activity was low. Already at birth, in the anaerobic microenvironment of the macular
flavae in vivo, there is likely a complex cross-talk regarding metabolism between the colony-forming
aggregated cells along the adhesion machinery and chemical signaling pathways which
reduces toxic oxygen species and is favorable to maintaining the stemness and undifferentiated
states of the tissue stem cells.
Key words
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: December 30, 2022
Accepted:
November 1,
2022
Publication stage
In Press Corrected ProofIdentification
Copyright
© 2022 The Voice Foundation. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
