Summary
Objective
To report the diagnostic utility of the novel, high-ventilatory task assessment tool
called the Milstein Breathing Pattern Assessment Index (M-BPAI) for evaluation of
Breathing Pattern Disorder (BPD) in athletes with and without breathing difficulty,
and to evaluate the prevalence of BPD in athletes referred for Exercise Induced Laryngeal
Obstruction (EILO). BPD is an abnormal respiratory biomechanical pattern caused from
functional or structural factors. The presence of BPD in athletes with EILO is unknown.
The current clinical evaluations of dysfunctional breathing patterns are limiting
for evaluation of BPD in patients with EILO, as these only evaluate the patients in
low ventilatory output tasks of rest breathing.
Study Design and Methods
In this prospective study, a total of 77 athletes referred to the clinic for suspected
EILO and 58 athletes without any respiratory difficulty underwent M-BPAI assessment.
Data collection from the experimental group also included the Dyspnea Index, and laryngeal
video endoscopic provocation test.
Results
The M-BPAI score was significantly larger in the patient group compared to the control
group. An overall M-BPAI score of ≥8 corresponds to the AUC of 0.87 (95% CI: 0.81-0.93)
with a sensitivity of 0.862 and specificity of 0.792. A total of 60 (78%) patients
had an overall M-BPAI score of ≥8.
Conclusion
The M-BPAI has the potential to be a valuable clinical diagnostic marker for identifying
BPD in patients with suspected EILO with further research and validation.
Key Words
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Article info
Publication history
Published online: January 27, 2023
Accepted:
January 5,
2023
Publication stage
In Press Corrected ProofIdentification
Copyright
© 2023 The Voice Foundation. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
