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Electroglottography (EGG)
Electroglottography – An Update
Electroglottography (EGG) is a low-cost, noninvasive technology for measuring changes of relative vocal fold contact area during laryngeal voice production. EGG was introduced about 60 years ago and has gone through a “golden era” of increased scientific attention in the late 1980s and early 90s. During that period, four eminent review papers were written. Here, an update to these reviews is given, recapitulating some earlier landmark contributions and documenting noteworthy developments during the past 25 years.Trends in Singing Voice Research: An Innovative Approach
The objectives of this study were to trace and describe research patterns in singing voice, to compare the amount of published research over time, to identify journals that published most papers on “singing voice,” and to establish the most frequent research topics.Estimation of Source-Filter Interaction Regions Based on Electroglottography
Source-filter interaction is a phenomenon in which acoustic airway pressures influence the glottal airflow at the source (level 1) and the vibration pattern of the vocal folds (level 2). This interaction is most significant when dominant source harmonics are near airway resonances. The influence of acoustic airway pressures on vocal fold vibration (level 2) was studied systematically by changing the supraglottal vocal tract length in human subjects with tube extensions. The subjects were asked to perform fundamental frequency (fo) glides while phonating through tubes of various lengths.The Impact of Double Source of Vibration Semioccluded Voice Exercises on Objective and Subjective Outcomes in Subjects with Voice Complaints
The present study reports the effects of double source of vibration semioccluded vocal tract exercises (SOVTEs) on subjective and objective variables in subjects with voice complaints.Vocal Changes Following Thyroid Surgery: Prospective Study of Objective and Subjective Parameters
Vocal changes are frequent following a surgical procedure to the thyroid gland. Even though they are a recognized morbidity, their bases are yet to be defined as well as their effect on vocal parameters. This study investigates the objective and subjective changes that occur after the surgery.Common Vocal Effects and Partial Glottal Vibration in Professional Nonclassical Singers
To multidimensionally investigate common vocal effects in experienced professional nonclassical singers, to examine their mechanism of production and reproducibility, to demonstrate the existence of partial glottal vibration, and to assess the potential of damage to the voice from nonclassical singing.Acoustic Analysis of Voice and Electroglottography in Patients With Laryngopharyngeal Reflux
Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) refers to the flow of gastric acid content into the laryngopharynx. It has been reported that 10% of the patients consulting an otolaryngologist present with this condition. Signs of LPR can be identified during flexible or rigid laryngoscopy. The Voice Handicap Index (VHI) is a reliable tool for detecting the impact of voice disorders, and acoustic assessment of voice including acoustic analysis of voice (AAV) and electroglottography (EGG) provide objective data of voice production and voice disorders.Comparison of Effects Produced by Physiological Versus Traditional Vocal Warm-up in Contemporary Commercial Music Singers
The present study aimed to observe whether physiological warm-up and traditional singing warm-up differently affect aerodynamic, electroglottographic, acoustic, and self-perceived parameters of voice in Contemporary Commercial Music singers.Contact Quotient of Female Singers Singing Four Pitches for Five Vowels in Normal and Pressed Phonations
The present study aimed to investigate the contact quotient (CQ) values of breathy, normal, and pressed phonation types in four different sections of the female singing range.Spectrographic and Electroglottographic Findings of Religious Vocal Performers in Düzce Province of Turkey
In the present study, the register phenomenon and spectral characteristics of vocal styles used by vocal performers in a Muslim community were investigated.Curbing—The Metallic Mode In-between: An empirical study qualifying and categorizing restrained sounds known as Curbing based on audio perception, laryngostroboscopic imaging, acoustics, LTAS, and EGG
This study aims to study the categorization Curbing from the pedagogical method Complete Vocal Technique as a reduced metallic mode compared with the full metallic modes Overdrive and Edge by means of audio perception, laryngostroboscopic imaging, acoustics, long-term average spectrum (LTAS), and electroglottography (EGG).Resonance Tube or Lax Vox?
This study compares the flow resistance of Resonance tube (RT) and Lax Vox tube (LVT) when submerged 2 cm and 10 cm in water, as well as phonation into the tubes in these conditions.The Influence of Vowels on Vocal Fold Dynamics in the Tenor's Passaggio
The influence of vowels on the frequency region where registration events in male voices usually occur (passaggio) has not yet been clarified. Particularly, for tenors who frequently have to sing across the passaggio, it might be assumed that the vowel quality has an influence on the stability of phonation.Comparing Chalk With Cheese—The EGG Contact Quotient Is Only a Limited Surrogate of the Closed Quotient
The electroglottographic (EGG) contact quotient (CQegg), an estimate of the relative duration of vocal fold contact per vibratory cycle, is the most commonly used quantitative analysis parameter in EGG. The purpose of this study is to quantify the CQegg's relation to the closed quotient, a measure more directly related to glottal width changes during vocal fold vibration and the respective sound generation events. Thirteen singers (six females) phonated in four extreme phonation types while independently varying the degree of breathiness and vocal register.Investigation of the relationship between electroglottogram waveform, fundamental frequency, and sound pressure level using clustering
Although it has been shown in previous research (Orlikoff, 1991; Henrich et al, 2005; Kuang et al, 2014; Awan, 2015) that there exists a relationship between the electroglottogram (EGG) waveform and the acoustic signal, this relationship is still not fully understood. To investigate this relationship, the EGG and acoustic signals were measured for four male amateur choir singers who each produced eight consecutive tones of increasing and decreasing vocal intensity. The EGG signals were processed cycle-synchronously to obtain the discrete Fourier transform, and the data were used as an input to a clustering algorithm.Acoustic Analysis and Electroglottography in Elite Vocal Performers
Acoustic analysis of voice (AAV) and electroglottography (EGG) have been used for assessing vocal quality in patients with voice disorders. The effectiveness of these procedures for detecting mild disturbances in vocal quality in elite vocal performers has been controversial.Formant Tuning and Feedback in the Male Passaggio
It has been suggested that traversing the male (secondo) passaggio requires two important adjustments. When singing up the scale, first of all, the second harmonic (H2) needs to pass over the first formant (F1). After that, the timbre of the voice takes on a different, slightly “darker” quality. This is the pitch where, in singers' jargon, the voice reaches secondo passaggio. Above secondo passaggio, in the optimal arrangement, the second formant (F2) is tuned close to one of the higher harmonics, or, sometimes alternatively, the singer's formant cluster induces a dominant resonance in the approximate range of 2.4–3.4 kHz.Efficacy of Water Resistance Therapy in Subjects Diagnosed With Behavioral Dysphonia: A Randomized Controlled Trial
The purpose of the present study was to determine the efficacy of water resistance therapy (WRT) in a long-term period of voice treatment in subjects diagnosed with voice disorders.Characteristics of Euphony in Direct and Indirect Mucosal Wave Imaging Techniques
There is a necessity to include objective methods to the study protocol of voice. Such procedure will help not only in diagnosing and monitoring the course of treatment, but also in comparing the results of studies between research centers.Oscillatory Characteristics of the Vocal Folds Across the Tenor Passaggio
Recent research has revealed that classically trained tenors tend to constrict epilaryngeal structures when singing in and above the passaggio (ie, the frequency region where register events typically occur). These constrictions complicate visibility of vocal fold oscillatory patterns with transoral rigid high-speed video endoscopy, thus limiting the current understanding of laryngeal dynamics in the passaggio region of tenors.Investigating the Voce Faringea: Physiological and Acoustic Characteristics of the Bel Canto Tenor's Forgotten Singing Practice
Several historical sources from the first half of the 19th century mention a distinct third register mechanism particular to tenor voices of that period. This so-called voce faringea—often described as an “intermediate” register—is a virtually forgotten historical singing practice used to extend the upper range of the voice, where the singer modifies falsetto, typically a weak and often feminine sound, into a more powerful, tenor-like vocal quality. Based on an evaluation of historical voice register theories, training strategies, and the sound ideals of the historical period, an informed discussion of that technique is developed.How Stressful Is “Deep Bubbling”?
Water resistance therapy by phonating through a tube into the water is used to treat dysphonia. Deep submersion (≥10 cm in water, “deep bubbling”) is used for hypofunctional voice disorders. Using it with caution is recommended to avoid vocal overloading. This experimental study aimed to investigate how strenuous “deep bubbling” is.Investigation of the Immediate Effects of Humming on Vocal Fold Vibration Irregularity Using Electroglottography and High-speed Laryngoscopy in Patients With Organic Voice Disorders
The study aimed to investigate whether humming can immediately improve the regularity of vocal fold vibration on electroglottography (EGG) and laryngeal high-speed digital imaging (HSDI) in patients with organic dysphonia (OD).Vocal Responses in Heighted States of Arousal
The purpose of this study was to investigate electroglottography (EGG) contact quotient modulation with emotional state in the presence of increased arousal.Clinical Assessment of Glottal Insufficiency in Age-related Dysphonia
Incomplete glottal closure is one of the key clinical aspects of presbylarynx. The objective of the present study is to determine the diagnostic yield of several tests for the assessment of glottal competence in age-related dysphonia.
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